Mumbai: India has one of the highest infectious disease burdens in the world. Consumption of antibiotics is widespread and often self-regulated, which leads to a rise in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). AMR occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites mutate in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective.
A 2023 study by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) revealed an alarming trend of increasing antibiotic resistance and decreasing effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria. To understand antibiotic usage among citizens, Fortis Hospitals Mumbai, conducted this survey.
It was conducted across 30 days and saw participation from across Mumbai, bringing forth insightful findings about people’s understanding of antibiotic resistance, its use and risks.
Key findings:
- Only 43% respondents stated that they consulted their doctor before taking any over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics that may interact with their ongoing course of medication
- 53% respondents stated that they shared antibiotics with family or friends if they show similar symptoms.
- Only 39% respondents stated that they completed the full course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor, and did not stop mid-way (after getting better)
- 61% respondents stated that they discussed their antibiotic use with their doctors only during routine health check-ups (annual checks), or if a follow-up was mandated
- 40% respondents stated that they were unaware of the potential consequences of not completing an antibiotic course (as per prescription
Dr S. Narayani, Business Head-Fortis Hospitals Maharashtra, said, “This survey sheds light on the widespread consumption of antibiotics without consultation. Self-medication based on limited knowledge has contributed to the crisis of growing antimicrobial resistance, one that must be tackled on war footing. Through this survey, that also commemorates World AMR Awareness Week 2024 (Nov 18-24), we aim to enable judicious use of antibiotics and encourage people to seek medical advice. By doing so, we hope to ensure that antibiotics, which are a critical line of treatment, remain effective for future generations”.
Dr Anita Mathew, Director-Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Mulund, said, “Antibiotics are not a one-size-fits-all solution; they need to be tailored based on the infection site and the bacteria we suspect. For conditions like the flu, which is caused by a virus and not bacteria, antibiotics are not effective! Since flu is self-limiting, it typically resolves on its own without the need for antibiotics. It is imperative that we educate patients about judicious antibiotic use, and to steer clear of OTC antibiotic consumption when not necessary. This can help prevent antibiotic resistance in our present and future population.”
Dr Kirti Sabnis, Infectious Disease Specialist, Fortis Hospital, Kalyan who assessed the findings, said, “Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat that is more serious than we currently realize. If we fail to manage it effectively, we risk losing the ability to treat infections with existing antibiotics in the future. Therefore, antibiotics should be used judiciously and only when prescribed by a healthcare professional. It’s also crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, since stopping early can allow bacteria to survive, potentially leading to resistance and re-emergence of stronger, more difficult-to-treat infections. People need to be aware that vaccinations are not just for children, but also for adults, especially those with comorbidities like Diabetes, Obesity, Liver disease, or autoimmune disorders, for which they might be on steroids One must follow their doctor’s vaccination recommendations to help prevent recurrent infections due to low immunity”.
Dr Rohini Kelkar, Sr. Consultant-Hospital Infection Control, SL Raheja Hospital, Mahim-A Fortis Associate, added, “Majority of common illnesses are caused by viruses. They are usually, mild, self-limiting, and do not require or respond to antibiotics. Gravely, antibiotics are being used in majority of the circumstances as self-medication or ‘magic bullets. This adds to the development of resistant bacteria, and when there is serious bacterial infection, the antibiotics don’t respond. Use antibiotics wisely for the right patient, right time, and only after appropriate diagnosis of bacterial infection”.
Analyzing the findings, Dr Farah Ingale, Director-Internal Medicine, Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi-A Fortis Network Hospital, said “The survey has highlighted a stark rate of non-compliance with prescribed antibiotic courses and self-medication with OTC antibiotics in the general populace. Only 39% of patients have admitted to completing their full antibiotic regimen, and just 43% consult their doctor before using OTC antibiotics; as a medical professional I find these figures concerning. It’s crucial that we educate patients on the importance of adhering to prescribed treatments and seeking professional guidance before opting for antibiotics”.
Fortis Hospitals Mumbai, armed with the findings from a recent survey revealed during World AMR Awareness Week 2024, is committed to taking proactive measures to raise awareness and reduce the practice of self-medication and the non-prescribed use of antibiotics.
